Ownership and a sale in years 1–6
Illustrative ordinary-share, fully diluted ownership. Proceeds are after the modelled sale costs and debt, before each shareholder's tax. Founder proceeds cover all founders collectively.
No liquidation preferences, SAFE conversions, options, anti-dilution, earn-outs or shareholder tax are assumed. Existing other holders are the balance of the opening cap table. Backing seed and primary backing buy no operating-company equity in this illustration.
DCF method, funding timing and sources
Meaning of DCF: discounted cash flow values future business cash at a risk-adjusted rate; it is not asset depreciation or the RBA cash rate. The initial 25% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth and 5× profit comparison multiple are editable startup planning assumptions, not sourced transaction multiples or a valuation offer.
Operating cash: monthly operating cash after contingency already includes claims, reserve replenishment, insurer and primary-investor fees. The valuation overlay deducts tax and additional reinvestment. It then deducts increases in a conservative cash holdback: cumulative unearned customer fees (cash revenue less earned revenue) plus the selected operating buffer. This is a planning holdback, not a claimed statutory reserve. The same balance is excluded once from cash added to equity value. Actual operating cash and the separate holdback are shown in the bridge. For transparency, tax is an editable percentage of positive annual EBITDA, with no loss relief, depreciation adjustments or tax credits; it is a simplified allowance, not a tax return. Reinvestment is additional to operating costs already in the model. These valuation adjustments and round fees are shown here separately from the original five-year, pre-tax operating cash forecast.
Enterprise value: at each year end, discount only the remaining future monthly free cash flows through month 72, then add the discounted terminal value. The completed year's cash is not counted twice. Terminal value uses normalised Year 6 earned profit after contingency, tax and reinvestment, grown by the terminal rate, less growth in the operating buffer, divided by discount rate minus growth. Normalised earnings already exclude growth in deferred fees, so deferred-fee growth is not deducted again. Negative terminal cash is floored at zero. Normalisation excludes the uplift from annual upfront billing. Negative normalised terminal cash creates no positive terminal value. Year 6 DCF value is the terminal value alone.
Equity and sale: operating equity value = enterprise value + operating cash − cash holdbacks − corporate debt, floored at zero for ordinary shares. Net sale proceeds also deduct sale costs from positive enterprise value. The going-concern sale assumes the backing facilities continue or are replaced. Restricted deposits and matching backing obligations are excluded together; there is no reserve liquidation windfall. No operating debt interest or new borrowing is modelled; the debt control is an existing liability deducted at exit.
Capital rounds: seed pre-money is a negotiated assumption. Later rounds use the forward DCF equity estimate immediately before the round, less the negotiation discount, unless a year's pre-money override is entered. New ownership = gross investment ÷ (pre-money + gross investment). All existing groups dilute proportionally. With no positive price, funding need remains visible and ownership becomes “unpriced”; the model never invents a positive valuation floor. Automatic rounds are assumed at the start of a year and take account of seed timing later in that year.
Startup uncertainty: the DCF is conditional on the operating scenario and continuing backing. Failure probabilities are not separately modelled. Changing the discount rate alone cannot validate market demand, lender terms or credit outcomes. The ±5 percentage-point discount sensitivity is a valuation range, not a confidence interval.
Method references: Damodaran, cash flow and discount-rate matching; terminal value approaches; young-company valuation and survival. The ATO company tax rates distinguish 25% for eligible base-rate entities and 30% otherwise; 30% here is a conservative editable allowance, not a determination of CFB's eligibility. References reviewed 13 October 2026.